>>>COMING UP NEXT ON ARIZONA HORIZON: THE STATE DEVELOPS STANDING ORDERS FOR FLU AND COVID VACCINES.

AND CHICANOS POR LA CAUSA SHARES NEW RESEARCH SHOWING DISPARITY FOR LATINO COMMUNITIES.

AND WE REMEMBER PAUL BENDER, CONSTITUTIONAL SCHOLAR AND LONGTIME FRIEND OF ARIZONA HORIZON.

THOSE STORIES AND MORE, NEXT, ON ARIZONA HORIZON.

>>> ARIZONA HORIZON MADE POSSIBILITY BY THE FRIENDS OF ARIZONA PBS.

MEMBERS OF YOUR PUBLIC TELEVISION STATION.

>>> GOOD EVENING AND WELCOME TO ARIZONA HORIZON.

I'M TED SIMONS.

TO PREPARE FOR THE UPCOMING RESPIRATORY SICKNESS SEASON, THE ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES HAS ISSUED STATEWIDE ORDERS THAT ALLOW ARIZONANS TO RECEIVE THEIR INFLUENZA AND COVID-19 SHOTS AT LOCAL PHARMACIES.

THE ORDER COMES AFTER UNCERTAINTY FROM THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES JOINING US TODAY IS DR.

JOEL TERRIQUEZ, THE MEDICAL DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC HEALTH PREPAREDNESS AT THE ARIZONA DHS.

>>> GOOD TO HAVE YOU HERE.

THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

A STANDING PRESCRIPTION ORDER WHAT ARE WE TALKING ABOUT?

>> WHEN IT COMES TO VACCINES WE WANT TO MAKE SURE THE PUBLIC IS PROTECTED.

OUR JOB IS TO MAKE SURE WE NOT ONLY PROVIDE THE APPROPRIATE EDUCATION INFORMATION AND OBVIOUSLY SOME MEDICALLY SCIENTIFICALLY BASED RECOMMENDATIONS.

WE WANT TO MAKE SURE PEOPLE GET THEIR VACCINE.

THOSE VACCINES ARE AVAILABLE.

NOT ONLY AVAILABLE BUT THEY ARE EASY TO GET.

YOU WANT TO GO TO YOUR PHARMACY AND MAKE SURE YOU HAVE THE ABILITY TO ASK FOR YOUR VACCINE AND GET IT DONE THE SAME VISIT.

>> WHY WAS A STANDING ORDER NECESSARY AND WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?

>> THERE IS A LOT OF CONFUSION ABOUT THE WORD ORDER.

ORDER DOESN'T MEAN WE ARE MANDATING YOU GET THE VACCINE.

ORDER IS A MEDICAL TERM.

WE WANT TO MAKE SURE THERE IS AN ORDER FROM A PHYSICIAN WHICH MEANS A PRESCRIPTION.

SO A STANDING ORDER IS A BLANKET PRESCRIPTION FOR PEOPLE WHO WANT TO GET THEIR VACCINE.

A 65-YEAR-OLD WANTS TO GO TO THE PHARMACY.

THE PHARMACY CAN GO OVER QUESTIONS AND DETERMINE IF IT'S SAFE TO GET THAT VACCINE.

>> WHY IS THE ORDER NECESSARY?

>> BASED ON CURRENT ENVIRONMENT AND CHANGES, THERE HAS BEEN A LOT OF UNCERTAINTY AND QUESTIONS REGARDING SAFETY AS WELL AS ACCESS TO VACCINES.

BASED ON THE FACT THAT LAST YEAR THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES.

THEY SEE HAVE DELAYED THEIR MEETINGS.

THERE WAS NO MEETINGS THIS YEAR ABOUT RASPATORY RELY HAVE US VACCINES LIKE COVID-19 AND INFLUENZA.

WE WANT TO JUMP AHEAD AND MAKE SURE THE COMMUNITY HAS THE ABILITY TO GET THE VACCINES.

>> AND YET THE STATE -- THIS FED VAL ADVISORY PANEL.

THERE IS A NEW STATE LAW THAT SAYS PHARMACIST CAN'T ADMINISTER THEM WITHOUT THE RECOMMENDATION FROM THE PANEL, TRUE?

>> AS LONG AS THEY HAVE GUIDANCE FROM A LICENSE PHYSICIAN IN THE STATE AND VACCINES FOR CERTAIN AGE GROUP THEY HAVE THE ABILITY TO PROVIDE THOSE VACCINES UNDER THE STANDING ORDER FROM A LICENSE PHYS KISSING.

>> THE CONFUSION FROM NOT GETTING RECOMMENDATIONS.

>> JUST MAKING IT AVAIL BUILDING FOR THE COMMUNITY AND EXPERIENCE BASED ON THE PUBLIC IMPACT OF HAVING THAT EXPERIENCE.

>> WHAT HAPPENED LAST YEAR?

>> THERE WAS A LOT OF CONFUSION.

THEY WERE WAITING FOR RECOMMENDATION.

MAKE SURE WE HAVE THE ABILITY TO IMPACT THE COMMUNITY AND MAKE IT EASY TO ACCESS.

SO BASED ON THE UNCERTAINTY AND DELAYS WE WANTED TO MAKE SURE THEY HAVE THE ABILITY TO GO TO THEIR PHARMACY AS THEY HAVE FOR THE PAST SEVERAL YEARS AND REQUEST THE VACCINES WITHOUT CHALLENGES.

>> RIGHT.

RIGHT.

LET THE CHAOS HAPPEN IN D.C.

YOU HAVE YOUR STANDING ORDER THAT'S SEVERING AS A PRESCRIPTION.

>> IT'S A PRESCRIPTION UNDER THE LICENSE OF A PHYSICIAN.

>> SO WE ARE TALKING UPDATED COVID-19 SHOTS WITH MODERNA, PFIZER, AND THE FAMILIAR NAMES.

>> ALL OF THE VACCINES ARE FDA APPROVED AND THEY HAVE BEEN UPDATED WITH THE NEWEST STRAIN THAT WILL HIT US THIS YEAR.

WE ARE NOT SEEING HUGE NUMBERS OF COVID-19 INFECTIONS AND INFLUENZA WE STILL HAVE TO PREPARE AND DON'T LET THEIR GUARD DOWN.

PREVENT OUR MOST SUSCEPTIBLE INDIVIDUALS.

VERY YOUNG KIDS FROM GETTING VERY SICK.

WE KNOW THEY END UP IN THE HOSPITAL WITH SEVERE ILLNESS.

>> BOTH UPDATED.

>> YES, BOTH OF THEM GET UPDATED EVERY YEAR.

BASICALLY IT'S ALMOST LIKE A PREDICTIVE FACTOR AND WE HAVE TO MAKE SURE WE THINK AHEAD AND COME UP WITH THE RIGHT MIX OF STRAINS THAT WE WILL BE EFFECTING.

>> WHEN SHOULD WE GET THESE SHOTS?

>> I ALWAYS GET THEM LATER IN THE YEAR.

IT SEEMS LIKE THE COUPLE TIMES I HAD THE FLU IT WAS IN THE SPRING, DOES THAT MAKE SENSE?

>> WE KNOW THERE ARE A FEW DIFFERENT TYPES OF INFLUENZA.

WE HAVE A AND B. FLU B CAUSES INFECTION LATER IN THE YEAR.

THE COMMON QUESTION IS WHEN TO GET THE INFLUENZA VACCINE?

IT'S A MATTER OF PREFERENCE.

SOME WANT TO WAIT LONGER SO I'M PROTECTED BY THE HOLIDAY.

WHAT PEOPLE NEED TO KNOW, WHEN WE GET VACCINES IT TAKES A WHILE TO BUILD-UP IMMUNITY.

>> CAN YOU GET BOTH AT THE SAME TIME?

IS IT OKAY TO DO THAT, I REMEMBER IT WAS ALL RIGHT?

>> IT WAS PERFECTLY OKAY AND PEOPLE HAVE THAT PREFERENCE.

THEY SEE PREFER TO DO THAT.

>> ARE YOU LIKELY TO HAVE A REACTION IF YOU GET BOTH AT THE SAME TIME?

>> BOTH CAUSE VERY MINIMAL REACTION LOCALLY.

MAYBE SOME INFLAMMATION.

NOTHING COMPARED TO THE ACTUAL VIRUS.

>> THEY ARE OUT THERE GET YOUR SHOTS AS YOU SEE FIT.

DON'T NEED A PRESCRIPTION BECAUSE THE STANDING ORDER IS IN PLACE.

>> IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS GO TO YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER AND ASK FOR MORE DIRECTION AND THEY WOULD BE HAPPY TO HELP.

>> THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE DR.JOEL TERRIQUEZ.

THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.

>>> CHICANOS POR LA CAUSA HAS SHARED SOME NEW DATA ABOUT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FOR LATINO COMMUNITIES.

THE NUMBERS SHOW THAT THERE IS A GREAT DEAL OF DISPARITY FOR LATINOS DUE TO FINANCIAL ISSUES.TO TELL US MORE, WE WELCOME KAREN ARMKNECHT, THE VICE PRESIDENT OF RESEARCH AND EVALUATION AT CHICANOS POR LA CAUSA.

>> THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

>> THANK YOU.

>> HOW WHAT KIND OF FOCUS IS HERE.

>> WE HAVE BEEN AROUND FOR 55 YEARS IN PHOENIX.

WE SERVE CLIENTS IN MANY DIFFERENT AREAS INTEGRATED HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, HOUSING AND EDUCATION.

THE CLIENTS WE SERVE ARE VERY HARD-WORKING CLIENTS THAT OFTENTIMES FACE BARRIERS IN MOVING TO ECONOMIC STABILITY AND THEN ONTO ECONOMIC PROSPERITY.

WE WANTED TO SPEAK TO THOSE CLIENTS DIRECTLY AND FIGURE OUT THE GAP.

>> I NOTICED THE MISSING MIDDLE WAS INCLUDED HERE.

>> IT WAS FOCUSED ON LATINOS.

IT WAS REALLY IMPORTANT TO US AND WE ARE A COMMUNITY BASED ORGANIZATION.

WE SPEAK TO THE COMMUNITY AND WE ARE INCLUSIVE TO EVERYONE IN THE COMMUNITY.

SO WE SPOKE TO OVER 2,000 ARIZONANS.

ALSO INCLUDED OPINION LEADERS AND SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS.

WE REALLY FEMALE THE PEOPLE THAT ARE CLOSEST TO THE CHALLENGES ARE CLOSEST TO THE SOLUTIONS.

>> WHAT DID YOU FIND?

>> WE FOUND IN OUR STUDY WITH THE BIGGEST GAP ARE IN EDUCATIONAL AND FINANCIAL WELL-BEING AND PATHWAYS TO BETTER JOBS.

>> LET'S TALK ABOUT EDUCATION.

IN THE LAST FEW YEARS NEW EDUCATION IS VERY IMPORTANT YET GAPS PERSIST.

WHAT'S GOING ON WITH THAT?

WHY IS THAT HAPPENING?

>> WELL EDUCATION IS VERY IMPORTANT IN LIVES OF LATINOS.

IT'S ABILITY A 14 PERCENTAGE POINT GAP AND HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT.

THERE ARE A LOT OF BARRIERS THEY ARE FINDING WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT THE MIDDLE INCOME FOR EXAMPLE.

YOU TALK ABOUT OUR CLIENTS IN PARTICULAR THEY MAY WANT TO GO BACK TO SCHOOL AND MAKE THE LONG-TERM INVESTMENT.

HOWEVER, THEY HAVE FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES AND WHETHER IT'S CHILD CARE RESPONSIBILITY CARING FOR YOUR PARENTS, ELDER CARE, AND THAT WILL HOLD YOU BACK FROM THE LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS.

>> IN TERMS OF CREDIT MORE LIKELY TO CARRY A BALANCE ON THE CREDIT CARD AND THE INTEREST INVOLVED IN SOMETHING LIKE THAT LEADS TO WEALTH GAPS, DOES IT NOT?

>> IT DOES WHEN YOU LOOK AT NET WORTH OVERALL, LATINOS HAVE ABOUT 22-CENT ON THE DOLLARS OF WHAT NON-LATINOS HAVE.

>> INTEREST RATES AND HAVING CREDIT AND PAYING ON TIME AND THE INTEREST INVOLVED THAT HOUSEHOLD WEALTH HAS TO BE A FACTOR.

>> THERE IS WHAT WE SEE MIDDLE INCOME OFTEN DUE TO CONSTRAINTS AND PAY A MINIMUM BALANCE AND I DON'T WANT THE COMPOUNDING INTEREST BECAUSE THE CYCLE PERPETUATES ITSELF.

>> WHAT'S THE MAJOR REASON FOR THAT AND A LITTLE BIT OF EVERYTHING WE JUST HAVE.

>> A LOT HAS TO DO WITH FINANCIAL EDUCATION AND GETTING CLIENTS READY TO BUY A HOME AND ARIZONANS READY TO PURCHASE A HOME.

>> OVERALL, INCOME AND NOT NECESSARILY ETHNICITY IS A MAJOR FACTOR AND EVERYTHING WE JUST TALKED ABOUT, IS THAT TRUE?

>> INCOME IS A MAJOR FACTOR.

WE LOOK AT THE ABILITY TO SAVE.

WHAT WE FINITE WITH OUR CLIENTS AND LOWER INCOME.

THEY TRY TO REACH STABILITY.

IF THEY DON'T HAVE THAT INCOME IT'S HARDER FOR THEM TO SAVE AND HARDER FOR THEM TO PAYOFF IF THEY WERE TO HAVE AN EMERGENCY AND PAY THAT EXPENSE OFF.

>> YES, IT'S ALWAYS THAT TOO.

YET YOU FOUND OPTIMISM OUT THERE.

>> THE LATINO COMMUNITY IS VERY, VERY CULTURALLY BASED IN THEIR FAMILY IN THEIR FAMILY -- >> IT'S A BARRIER HERE.

>> WE ARE NOT TALKING ABOUT FATALISM.

>> ALL RIGHT, VERY GOOD.

IT SOUNDS LIKE A VERY GOOD RESEARCH STUDY.

>> WHAT WE FOUND WHEN WE LOOK AT THE DEFINITION OF ECONOMIC MOBILITY IS SPEAKING TO ALL DIFFERENT CLIENTS.

WE FOUND THAT SUCCESS WAS VERY HIGHLY INDIVIDUALIZED.

WHEN YOU LOOK AT WHAT RISES IN SUCCESS HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AND BEING HEALTHY HAVING CLOSE FAMILY TIES AND HAVING A FINANCIAL WELL-BEING STRONG FINANCIALLY.

THIS IS ACROSS ALL CULTURES.

THANK YOU FOR BEING WITH US.

>> THANK YOU FOR INVITING US.

>>> FINALLY, WE REMEMBER THE LIFE AND LEGACY OF PAUL BENDER, A PROFESSOR OF LAW AND DEAN EMERITUS FOR SANDRA DAY O'CONNOR COLLEGE OF LAW AT ASU.

BENDER WAS KNOWN AS AN EXPERT ON THE U.S.

SUPREME COURT AND HE WAS A LONGTIME FRIEND OF US HERE AT ARIZONA HORIZON.JOINING US IN REMEMBERING THE IMPACT OF PAUL BENDER ON LAW IS ATTORNEY STEPHEN MONTOYA.

YOU JOINED PAUL, AS THE YEARS WENT BY WE HAD YOU INCLUDED AS WELL.

THINK ABOUT YOUR RELATIONSHIP WITH PAUL BENDER.

>> IT WAS A GREAT RELATIONSHIP AND IT WAS TOO BRIEF.

I MET HIM AT THE SANTA FE OPERA.

PROBABLY ABOUT 30 YEARS AGO I'M FROM SANTA FE.

I WOULD ALWAYS SEE HIM THERE.

I LOVED BACH AND HE LOVED BACH.

HE WAS A GREAT TEACHER.

I WASN'T ONE OF HIS STUDENTS BUT IN THE CLASSROOM I TOLD HIM, LIKE I MENTIONED TO YOU PAUL'S CLASSROOM WAS ALL OF ARIZONA.

I COUNTED THEM AMONG -- I COUNTED MYSELF ALONG THE STUDENTS.

>> YEAH, HE SAD SUCH AN INFLUENCE.

I CAN'T TELL YOU HOW MANY AROUND THE CORNER IN YOUR CASE JUST WHAT YOU LEARNED FROM THE MAN.

HE WAS A WEALTH OF KNOWLEDGE.

HE WAS ALSO A LIVING LEGEND.

HE CLERKED FOR LEONARD HAND.

PROBABLY MOST FAMOUS JUDGE KNOT.

HE CLERKED DURING THE GREATEST HEIGHTS.

IN 1959 AND 1960.

DIE HARD LIBERAL ON ONE HAND.

INTERESTINGLY, HE WAS INSTITUTIONALIST.

AS YOU KNOW, TED, HE CARED GREATLY ABOUT THE SUPREME COURT AND THE RULE OF LEGAL CAUSE.

>> AND HIS GREAT TALENT WAS TO TAKE THOSE CASES AND DECISIONS TO SPIN YOUR HEAD AROUND.

SOMEONE LIKE ME.

>> YOU TOO.

>> HE WOULD SIMPLIFY AND CLARIFY THINGS WHERE THEY WOULD BECOME STORIES.

THEY LITERALLY HAD AN ART TO THEM.

THEY HAD A STORY ARK.

>> THAT'S TRUE HE REALLY WAS IN MY OPINION IN A LEAGUE OF HIS OWN.

ARIZONA SANDRA DAY O'CONNOR SCHOOL OF LAW, OHS A GREAT DEBT TO HIM.

HE PUT THE SCHOOL ON THE MAP A RELATIVELY YOUNG LAW SCHOOL.

HE CAME FROM ONE OF THE GREATS.

THE PENNSYLVANIA SCHOOL OF LAW.

THE OLDEST LAW SCHOOL CAME OUT TO THE DESERT AND MADE IT A GREAT PLACE TO STUDY LAW.

>> AND HE WILL BE REMEMBERED.

FOCUS ON CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND TRIBAL LAW.

>> NATIVE-AMERICAN LAW.

>> HE WAS AN EXPERT, BOTH EXPERT ON NATIVE-AMERICAN LAW.

IT'S CALLED INDIAN LAW AND CONSTITUTIONAL LAW CIRCLES.

IT'S UNIQUE.

HE CAME OUT TO ARIZONA AND BECAME AN EXPERT AT IT.

HE WAS ALSO INTERESTINGLY DEEP EXPERT ON THE ARIZONA CONSTITUTION.

AND FOR MANY YEARS AT ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW HE TAUGHT THE HISTORY OF ARIZONA CONSTITUTION.

WHICH REALLY, I DON'T THINK IT WAS FOCUSED ON BEFORE.

>> HE STARTED THE INDIAN LEGAL PROGRAM.

>> HE WAS.

HE WAS JUST FOUNDATIONAL, INSTRUMENTAL LEADER IN THE LAW IN ARIZONA.

HE WAS A SUPER HUMBLE GUY.

HE WAS A GREAT GUY TOWARDS THE END AND DURING THE ROBERT'S COURT.

AS YOU WITNESSED OVER AND OVER AGAIN.

HE WAS VERY DISAPPOINTED IN THE CHIEF JUSTICE.

OFTEN HE TRIED TO DEFEND THE CHIEF JUSTICE AND COURT.

HE WAS A VERY STRONG BELIEVER IN THE COURT.

BECAUSE HE GREW UP IN THE SHADOW.

HE THOUGHT THE COULD SHOULD BE A LEADER IN CIVIL RIGHTS.

>> CHIEF JUSTICE FOR MCDOWELL NATION SUPREME COURT.

HE'S PART OF THE HOPI TRIBE COURT OF APPEALS AND APACHE COURT OF APPEALS.

HE WAS VERY MUCH INVOLVED.

THAT'S SOMETHING A LOT OF FOLKS HAVE NOT BEEN SPECIALIZED IN.

>> NO, AND HONESTLY, IN SOMEWAYS.

PAUL MISSED HIS CALLING THAT HE WASN'T A JUDGE.

AS YOU KNOW.

HE WAS A VERY FAIR INDIVIDUAL PARTIES AND PREJUDICE WERE NOT PART OF HIS PHILOSOPHY.

>> NOT BEING A JUDGE IS ONE THING BUT AN EDUCATOR OF SHAPING MINDS OF FUTURE ATTORNEYS.

WHETHER THEY'RE YOU KNOW, LEFT OR RIGHT SOMEWHERE IN BETWEEN THINKING.

THAT'S VERY CRITICAL LEGAL MINDSET.

>> HE WAS AT THE TOP OF THAT LIST.

I WAS NOT HIS PEER BUT HAPPY TO LISTEN AND LEARN FROM HIM.

>> WHAT DID YOU LEARN FROM HIM?

>> FIRST OF ALL, I LEARNED HUMILITY.

PAUL WAS A BRILLIANT GUY.

NO ONE HAD A RESUME LIKE PAUL.

THE STORIES HE WOULD TELL.

HE WAS SO HUMBLE ABOUT IT AND SO MATTER OF FACT.

HE WAS SO DOWN TO EARTH AND SUCH A GREAT FAMILY MAN.

THE WAY HIS RELATIONSHIP WITH HIS WIFE WAS INSPIRING.

THE WAY HE TREATED EVERYONE WAS INSPIRING.

JUST WATCHING HIM WAS A LESSON IN BEING A GOOD CITIZEN AND PERSON.

HE WAS JUST A GREAT GUY AND GREAT LEGAL SCHOLAR AND RAN CIRCLES AROUND EVERYONE.

REALLY, HE WAS HARD TO BE AROUND.

HE WAS ABOVE US.

HIS CREDENTIAL AND HIS KNOWLEDGE AND JUST -- HE RAN CIRCLES AROUND EVERYONE.

>> HIS LEGACY IN HIS TEACHING.

THE HUMANITY AND POWER AND HOPE OF THE RULE OF LAW.

>> STEVEN MONTOYA.

STEVEN, WE CONTINUE TO HAVE YOU ON AS OUR CONSTITUTIONAL SCHOLAR.

YOU AND PAUL TOGETHER WERE GREAT.

PAUL WAS JUST A GREAT FRIEND OF THE PROGRAM.

WE THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR SHARING YOUR FEELINGS ABOUT IT.

>> THANK YOU SIR.

>> THAT'S IT FOR NOW.

I'M TED SIMONS.

THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

HAVE A GREAT